It is often described as 'the way of drawing the sword', but this is misleading. The draw is only the beginning.
Typical of the Japanese fighting arts Iaido also embodies the culture and philosophy of the samurai code of Bushido.
Although Iaido is not the same as Kendo or Kenjutsu, they are related sword skills. Kenjutsu, is more battle ready sword fighting, with the sword drawn facing an enemy. Kendo, now more a sport was a safer way of combat training, without boken or live blades.
Iaido, is more of an everyday 'Situational Self-defence' system. To be always ready for any eventuality. Sitting having a drink, or watching a show with friends (or enemies), walking down the street, or perhaps you are planning a surprise attack of your own. So, until the moment of action, the sword is kept sheathed.
Iaido is taught in the traditional way using set exercises called kata. Students practice and perfect these while the teacher explains their meanings and uses.
Unusually for a martial art, most of this practice is done without a partner. This allows students to use metal swords and practice cuts without having to 'pull' them.